Pressure fluid motor



Oct. 10, 1933. c QSGQQD 1,929,445

PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Filed July 31, 1929 f/MA-Mm Patented Oct. 10, 1933illll. st

TES

Sullivan Machinery Company, Clareincnt,

N. H, a corporation of Massachusetts Application July 31, 1929. SerialNo. 382,527

16 Claims.

This invention relates to pressure fluid motors, and more particularlyto pressure fluid motors of the impact type especially adapted to use inrock drills and tools.

An object of this invention is to provide an improved pressure fluidmotor. Another object is to provide an improved pressure fluid motor ofthe impact type having improved fluid controlling and distributionmeans. A. further object is to provide an roved pressure fluid motorwherein separate fl distributing valves are employed for cont-rdng theflow 01 pressure fluid to the motor cylinder, 2. separate valve beingprovided for con 'olling the flow of pressure fluid for each end of themotor cylinder. Yet another object is'to provide an improved pressurefluid motor of the aforesaid type having .ie fluid distributing valvesarranged in improved manner whereby direct flow of fluid to the ends ofthe motor cylinder is possible. Another object to provide an 11"13101811press re fluid motor of the aforesaid t wherein the fluid distributingvalves are a cylinder at opposite ends th eof, one valve being arrangedwithin the rear motor head and the other valve wit in the front motorhead. Yet another object isto provide an improved pressure fluid motorof the reciprocating hammer piston type having automatic ratchet andpawl rotation mecl nism and impr red fluid distribution means ll 1grluid distributing valves, one arranged coaxially with surrounding therifle bar of the rotation mechanism, while the other is arrangedcoaxially with and surrounds the stri ing of the hammer piston. Afurther object is to provide an improved fluid distribution means for apressure fluid motor havim an improved arrangement of the fluiddistributing valves and passages controlled whereby a more efficientmotor is obtained. These and other objects and advantages of thisinvention will hereinafter more fully appear.

In the accompanying drawing there is shown for purposes of illustrationone form which the invention may assume in practice.

In the drawing,

1 is a central longitudinal sectional View illustrating the illustrativeembodiment of the improved pressure fluid motor.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the parts in a dififerentposition.

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on line 33 ofFig. 2.

In this illustrative construction there is shown a pressure fluid motorof the impact type especial- 1y adapted for use in rock drills orsimilar tools and comprising a motor cylinder 1 having a bore 2 in whicha hammer piston 3 is reciprocably mouned. The hammer piston is providedwith a forwardly projecting strikingbar 4 adapted to deliver a series ofblows to the shank of a usual drill steel, not shown. The cylinder 1 isprovided with a rear motor head 5 and a front motor head 6, eachcomprising aplurality of sections as hereinafter described and the fronthead having a bore 7 Within which the striking bar 4 moves. An automaticintermittent ratchet andpawl type rotation mechanism generallydesignated 8 is provided for imparting intermittent rotation of thehammer piston 3 during reciprocation thereof and this rotative movementof the hammer piston is transmitted by means of straight grooves 9formed on the exterior of the striking bar 4 and interlocking withstraight lugs 10 formed on a chuck nut 11 threadedly connected at 12 toa 75 rotatable chuck sleeve 13. This chuck sleeve supports the usualdrill steel and imparts rotation thereto in a well known manner. Thechuck sleeve 13 is rotatably mounted in a chuck housing 14. Morespecifically, the rotation mechanism 8 comprises a pawl carrier 15having usual spring pressed pawls engaging ratchet teeth 16 formed on ausual ratchetring 17. Projecting forward from this pawl carrier througha bore 18 formed in the rear motor head 5 and into the rear end of thehammer piston is a rifle bar 19 having spiral grooves 20 interlockedwith spiral lugs formed on a rifle nut 21 threadedly secured within thehammer piston. As shown, the pawl carrier 15 has a rearwardly projectingcylindrical projection 22 disposed in a bore 23 formed in a plate. 24interposed between the ratchet ring 1? and a rear head block 25. Therear motor head 5 the ratchet ring l'l'and plate 24 are arranged withina bore 25 formed within the rear end of the motor cylinder and alinedwith the cylinder bore. As is usual in rock drilling motors, thecylinder 1, front and rear motor heads 5 and 6, the chuck housing 14,ratchet ring 17, plate 24 and rear head block 25 are held in assembledrelation by means of usual side rods 26, shown in Fig. 3. It will thusbe seen that as the hammer piston r'eciprocates within the motorcylinder, it is intermittently rotated by the ratchet and pawl mechanismand this intermittent rotation of the piston is transmitted through thestraight grooves 9 on the striking bar 4, the lugs 10 on the chuck nut11 and the chuck sleeve 13 to the drill steel carried thereby, in a wellknown manner.

Now referring to the improved fluid controlling and distribution meansand more particularly to the fluid distribution means for the rear endof the motor cylinder, it will be noted that in this instance the rearmotor head 5 is in the form of a valve chest and is composed of threeparts, i. e. a block 2'7, an end plate 28 and an intermediate plate 29.The block 27 is provided with a cylindrical projection 30 surroundingthe rifle bar 19 and slidably mounted on this projection, and disposedwithin a bore 31 in the plate 29 is an annular disc or plate valve 32herein composd of relatively thin sheet metal. Leading from the bore 31and extending through the end plate 28 is a large fluid conductingpassage 33 communicating directly with the rear end of the cylinder bore2. Formed in the head block 25 at the rear of the plate24 is a fluidsupply chamber 34, and a passage 35 formed in the plate 24, ratchet ring17 and rear motor head block 27 connects this chamber with a groove 36formed in the forward face of the block 27. A passage 37 formed in theintermediate plate 29 connects the groove 36 with a groove 38 formed inthe rear face of the end plate 28. These grooves 36 and 38 extendcompletely around the elements 2'7 and 28 and communicate with the bore31 within which the valve 32 is mounted. Also communicating with thebore 31 and extending completely around the forward face of the block2'? is an annular groove or recess 35 A piston controlled passage 36leads from this groove to the cylinder bore and communicates with thelatter through a port 37 As clearly shown in Fig. 3 extending partlyaround the rear face of the end plate 28 is a groove or recess 39communicating with the groove 38 through a slot or groove 40. The valve32 is adapted to reciprocate back and forth within the bore 31 and toalternatively seat against the front and rear faces of the members 27and 28 respectively.

The fluid distribution means for the forward end of the cylinder bore issubstantially the same as that for the rear end thereof. As in theconstruction described above, the front motor head 6 is made up of threemembers 41, 42 and 43 and the intermediate member 42 is provided with abore 44 within which an annular plate valve 45 similar to the valve 32is mounted. The member 41 is provided v th a cylindrical projection 46encircling the sti 1g bar 4 of the hammer piston and forms a cylindricalguide for the valve 45. A large passage 4'7 formed in the member 43connects the bore 44 with the front end of the cylinder bore. Asillustrated, a longitudinal passage 48 connects the fluid supply chamber34 with a groove formedin the front face of the member 43. A passage 5%formed in the intermediate member 42 connects this groove with a groove51 forme in the rear face of the member 41. As in the constructiondescribed above, these grooves 49 and 51 extend completely around themembers 41 and 43 and communicate with the bore 44 within which thevalve 45 is mounted. Extending partially around the forward face of themember 43 is an annular groove or recess 52 similar to the groove 39 andcommunicating with the groove 49 through a slot or groove 53. Alsocommunicating with the bore 44 and extending completely around the rearface of the member 41 is an annular groove or recess 51. A pistoncontrolled passage 52 connects this groove with the cylinder bore andcommunicates with the cylinder bore through a port Free exhaust ports 54and 55 controlled by the hammer piston alternate- 1y connect theopposite ends of the cylinder bore directly to atmosphere, the port 55being disposed in the cylinder bore diametrically opposite from the port37 while the port 54 is diametrically opposite from the port 53 Theoperation of the improved pressure fluid motor will be clearly apparentfrom the description given. When the parts are in the position shown inFig. 1, pressure fluid flows from the supply chamber 34 through passages35 and 37, groove 38 and bore 31, past the forward face of the valve 32and through passage 33, to the rear end of the cylinder bore. The frontvalve 45 is at that time seated against the front face of the member 43,closing the passage 47, and the front end of the cylinder bore is thenopen to exhaust through the free exhaust port 55. The pressure fluidflowing to the rear end of the cyl inder bore acts on the rear pressurearea of the hammer piston, causing the latter to move forwardly toeffect its working stroke, in this instance to deliver a blow on theshank of the drill steel. When the rear end of the piston overruns thefree exhaust port 54, the pressure fluid in the rear end of the cylinderbore suddenly drops, causing the pressure in the groove 36 acting on theouter edge of the rear valve face to throw the valve 32 forward to aseating position against the rear face of the plate 28 as shown in Fig.2, thereby closing the passage 33,

cutting off the flow of fluid to the rear end of the ll-fj:

cylinder bore. At the same time the port 53 is uncovered by the piston,connecting the groove 51 at the forward side of the valve 45 directly toexhaust. As the hammer piston moves forward the free exhaust passage 55is closed and a relatively high compression pressure is built up withinthe front end of the cylinder bore and this presure, supplemented by theconstant pressure in the groove 52 acting on the rear face of the valve45, throws the valve forward against the opposing exhausing pressureacting on the front valve face, and seats the valve against the rearface of the member 41 as shown in Fig. 2. The passage 47 is at that timeopen and pressure fluid flows through passage 48, groove 49, through thefront end of the cylinder bore to suddenly drop. The pressure acting onthe forward face of the valve 45 then throws the valve rearward to theposition shown in Fig. 1, cutting off the flow through the passage 47 tothe front end of the cylinder bore. At the same time the port 3'7 isuncovered by the piston, connecting the groove The rear 7 i 35 at therear side of the valve 32 directly to exhaust. As the hammer pistonmoves rearward it overruns the free exhaust port 54, closing the exhaustfor the rear end of the cylinder bore and upon continued rearwardmovement of the piston a relatively high compression pressure is builtup within the rear end of the cylinder bore. This compression pressure,supplemented by the constant pressure in the groove 89 acting on theforward face of the valve 32, overcomes the ex hausting pressure actingon the rear face of the valve, throwing the valve rearward from theposition shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig.

1, and pressure fluid then again flows to the rear As a result of thisinvention an improved pressure fluid motor is provided having separateand-distinct fluid controlling and distribution means for each end ofthe cylinder bore, thereby increasing the power and efficiency of themotor. It will further be noted that by providing separate and distinctvalve mechanisms for" the opposite ends of the motor cylinder it ispossible to obtain direct flow of pressure fluid from the valvemechanism to the motor cylinder. It will still further be evident thatby providing separate valve mechanisms of the annular plate or disc typeand by arranging the valve mechanism in the manner disclosed, the motoris rendered extremely compact both laterally and longitudinally. Theseand other uses and advantages of the improved pressure fluid motor willbe clearly apparent to those skilled in the art.

While there is in this application specifically described one embodimentwhich this invention may assume in practice, it will be understood thatthis form of the same is shown for purposes of illustration and that theinvention may be modified and embodied in various other forms withoutdeparting from its spirit or the scope of the appended claims.

. What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

' lfln a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocabletherein,and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation or" said piston40- including separate and distinct valve mechanisms one individual toeach end of the cylinder, each of said valve mechanisms including areciprocable' fluid distributing valve for controlling the flow oipressure fluid to its respective end of Cal the cylinder, each of saidvalves having oppositely facing pressure areas, means for connect,- ingone pressure area of each of said valves to inlet pressure to throwvalve to closed positicn, means for subjecting an oppositely facingpressure area on each of said valves to compression pressure built up inthe cylinder by the piston to effect opening of the valve, and pistoncontrolled passage means one individual to each .valve mechanism foreffecting throwing of the valves of said valve mechanisms from oneoperating position to another.

'2. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocabletherein, and fluid distribution r eiiecting reciprocation of said pistonincluding a separate and distinct compression pressure opened, linepressure closed valve mechanism disposed outside said cylinder butalined with the motor axis for controlling the flow of pressure fluid toeach end of the motor cylinder, passage means for subjecting thepressure areas on the valve mechanisms to compression pres-.

including a separate and distinct valve mechanism alined with the motoraxis for'controlling the fiow'of pressure fluid to each end of the motorcylinder, said valve mechanisms being arranged at the opposite ends ofthe motor cylinder and outside the'limits of piston travel, and passagemeans" for subjecting the valve mechanisms to throwing pressure andincluding a piston controlled passage one individual to each valvemechanism for effecting throwing of. the valves of said valve mechanismsfrom one operating position to another p 4. In a'pressure fluid motor, acylinder, a piston reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution meansfor eflecting reciprocation of said piston including a separate anddistinct valve mechanism including a reciprocable fluid distributingvalve for controlling the flow or pressure fluid to each endof the motorcylinder, means for subjecting one pressure area on each valve'tocompression pressure built up in the cylinder by the piston to open thevalve, means for subjecting an oppositely facing pressure area to linepressure to bias said valve when open towards closed position, and meansforintermittently reducing.

the pressure acting on said last mentioned area.

5. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein,and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation of said piston6. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocable therein,and fluid distribution means for eliectingreciprocation of said pistonincluding a separate'and distinct valve mechanism of the annular platevalve type for controlling flow of pressure fluid toeach end of themotor cylinder, and passage means for subjecting the valve mechanisms tothrowing pressure and including piston controlled passages oneindividual to each-valve mechanism for effecting throwing of the valvesof said valve mechanisms from one operating position to another, andpiston controlled exhaust means for each end of the motor cylinder.

. 7. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocabletherein, and fluid distribution 5 means for eiiecting' reciprocation ofsaid piston including a separateand distinct valve mechanism forcontrolling fluid flow to each end of the motor cylinder, said valvemechanisms each including a controlling valve having opposed pressureareas, means including a passageindependent of the other valve forsub'ecting one of said pressure areas on each valve alternatively toline pressure and a lesser pressure, and means for subjecting the other,opposite, pressure area thereon to compression pressure built up in themotor ton reciprocable therein, and fluid distribution means foreiiecting reciprocation of said piston including a separate'and distinctvalve 'mecha-.

area alternatively to line pressure and a lesser pressure, means forsubjecting a portion of the other pressure area to compression pressurebuilt up in the motor cylinder by the hammer piston to open said valve,and means for subjecting a portion of said last mentioned pressure areaconstantly to a pressure in excess of exhaust pressure.

9. In a rock drilling motor, a cylinder, a hammer piston reciprocabletherein and having a forward projecting striking bar adapted topercussively actuate a drill steel, drill steel rotation mechanismincluding a forward projecting rifle bar cooperating with the rear endof the hammer piston, and fluid distribution means for efiecting pistonreciprocation including separate wholly fluid actuated valve mechanismsfor controlling fluid flow to the opposite ends of the motor cylinder,one valve mechanism being arranged coaxially with said rifle bar at therear end of the motor cylinder and the other valve mechanism beingarranged coaxially with the piston striking bar at the other end of themotor cylinder, and passage means for subjecting the'valve mechanisms tothrowing pressure and including piston controlled passages oneindividual to each valve mechanism for effecting throwing of the valvesof said valve mechanisms from one operating position to another.

10. In a rock drilling motor, a cylinder, a hammer piston reciprocabletherein and having a forward projecting striking bar adapted topercussively actuate a drill steel, drill steel rotation mechanismincluding a ratchet and pawl mechanism having a forward projecting riflebar cooperating with the rear end of the hammer piston, and fluiddistribution means for efiecting piston reciprocation including aseparate and distinct wholly fluid actuated valve mechanism forcontrolling the fluid flow to each end of the motor cylinder, one valvemechanism surrounding the rifle bar of said rotation mechanism whiletheother valve mechanism surrounds the piston striking bar, and passagemeans for subjecting the valve mechanisms to throwing pressure andincluding piston controlled passages one individual to each valvemechanism for effecting throwing of the valves of said valve mechanismsfrom one operating position to another.

11. In a rock drilling motor, a cylinder, a hammer piston reciprocabletherein and having a forward projecting striking bar adaptedto'percussively actuate a drill steel, drill steel rotation mechanismincluding a ratchet and pawl mechanism having a forward projecting riflebar cooperating with the rear end of the hammer piston, and fluiddistribution means for effecting piston reciprocation including aseparate and distinct wholly fluid actuated valve mechanism forcontrolling fluid flow to each. end of the motor cylinder, each of saidvalve mechanisms including an annular valve, one annular valvesurrounding the rifle bar of said rotation mechanism while the otherannular valve surrounds the piston striking bar, and passage means forsubjecting the valve mechanisms to throwing pressure and including apiston controlledpassage individual to each valve mechanism foreifecting throwing of the valve thereof from one operating position toanother.

12. In a rock drilling motor, a cylinder, a hammer piston reciprocabletherein and having a forward projecting striking bar adapted topercussively actuate a drill s eel, drill steel rotation mechanismincluding a ratchetand pawl mechanism having a forward projecting riflebar cooperating with the rear end of the hammer piston, and fluiddistribution means for effecting piston reciprocation including aseparate and distinct wholly fluid actuated valve mechanism forcontrolling fluid flow to each end of the motor cylinder and eachincluding a reciprocable annular plate valve, one plate valvesurrounding the rifle bar of said rotation mechanism while the otherplate valve surrounds the piston striking bar, and passage means forsubjecting the valve mechanisms to throwing pressure and including apiston controlled passage individual to each valve mechanism foreifecting throwing of the valve thereof from one operating position toanother.

13. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocabletherein, and fluid distribution means for efiecting reciprocation ofsaid piston including a separate and distinct valve mechanism of theannular plate valve type arranged coaxially with said cylinder at eachend of the latter for controlling flow of. pressure fluid to each end ofthe motor cylinder, and piston controlled passageineans one individualto each valve mechanism for eflecting throwing of the valves of said 100valve mechanisms from one operating position to another.

14. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocabletherein, and fluid distribution means for effecting reciprocation ofsaid piston 105 including a separate and distinct valve mechanism of theannular plate valve type arranged coaxially with said cylinder at eachend of the latter for controlling flow of pressure fluid to each end ofthe motor cylinder, piston controlled 10 exhaust means for each end ofthe motor cylinder, and piston controlled passage means one individualto each valve mechanism for effecting throwing of the valves of saidvalve mechanisms from one operating position to another.

15. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, at piston 'reciprccabletherein, said piston having a forwardly projecting striking bar, pistonrotation means including a ratchet and pawl mechanism arranged at therear of the cylinder and having 120 a rifle bar projecting within therear end of the piston, and fluid distribution means for iiectingreciprocation of said piston including a separate and distinct valvemechanism of the annular plate valve type arranged coaxially with saidcylinder at each end of the latter, one valve arranged at the rear endof said cylinder and surrounding said rifle bar and the other valvearranged at the forward end of said cylinder and surrounding said pistonstriking bar, passage means controlled by said valves, respectively, forconducting pressure fluid to the opposite ends of the motorv cylinder,the passage means controlled by one valve leading to one end of thecylinder and the passage means controlled by the other valve lead ing tothe opposite end of said cylinder, and pas.- sage means controlled bysaid piston and one individual to each valve mechanism for eflectingthrowing of the valves of aid valve mechanisms from one operatingposition to another.

16. In a pressure fluid motor, a cylinder, a piston reciprocabletherein, said piston having a annular plate valve type arrangedcoaxially with said cylinder at each end of the latter, one valvearranged at the rear end of said cylinder and surrounding said rifle barand the other valve arranged at the forward end of said cylinder andsurrounding said piston striking bar, passage means controlled by saidvalves, respectively, for conducting pressure fluid to the opposite endsof the motor cylinder, the passage means controlled by one valve leadingto one end of the CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,929,445. October 10, 1933.

CHARLES F. OSGOOD.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 1,line 39, after "controlled" insert the word thereby; and that the saidLetters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the samemay conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 30th day of October, A. D. 1934.

Leslie Frazer (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

